Vmware vSphere vCenter Server 4.0 Uživatelský manuál

vSphere Resource Management GuideESX 4.0ESXi 4.0vCenter Server 4.0This document supports the version of each product listed andsupports all subsequent

Resource ConsumersVirtual machines are resource consumers.The default resource settings assigned during creation work well for most machines. You can

Advanced Memory AttributesYou can use the advanced memory attributes to customize memory resource usage.Table B-2. Advanced Memory AttributesAttribut

Advanced NUMA AttributesYou can use the advanced NUMA attributes to customize NUMA usage.Table B-3. Advanced NUMA AttributesAttribute Description Def

3 Click the Configuration Parameters button.4 In the dialog box that appears, click Add Row to enter a new parameter and its value.Advanced Virtual Ma

IndexAadmission controlCPU 23resource pools 41with expandable resource pools 42advanced attributesCPU 99hosts 99memory 100NUMA 101virtual machi

DRS rulescreating 53deleting 54disabling 54editing 54DRS tabFaults page 70History page 71Recommendations page 69using 69DRS Troubleshooting Gu

Mem.ShareScanTime 34, 100memoryadvanced attributes 100balloon driver 31managing allocation 25, 28overcommitment 26, 33overhead 25overhead, under

interactive mode 82interactive mode command-line options 82interactive mode single-key commands 83interrupt panel 96memory panel 86network panel

Resource Allocation SharesShares specify the relative priority or importance of a virtual machine (or resource pool). If a virtual machinehas twice as

For example, assume you have 2GHz available and specify a reservation of 1GHz for VM1 and 1GHz for VM2.Now each virtual machine is guaranteed to get 1

Figure 1-1. Single Host with Two Virtual MachinesVM-QAESX/ESXihostVM-MarketingIn the following example, assume that VM-QA is memory intensive and acc

Table 1-2. CPU Resource AllocationField DescriptionTotal Capacity Guaranteed CPU allocation, in megahertz (MHz), reserved for this object.Reserved Ca

Virtual Machine Resource Allocation TabA Resource Allocation tab is available when you select a virtual machine from the inventory panel.This Resource

Table 1-9. Resource SettingsField DescriptionReservation Guaranteed memory allocation for this virtual machine.Limit Upper limit for this virtual mac

Managing CPU Resources 2ESX/ESXi hosts support CPU virtualization.When you utilize CPU virtualization, you should understand how it works, its differe

Hardware-Assisted CPU VirtualizationCertain processors (such as Intel VT and AMD SVM) provide hardware assistance for CPU virtualization.When using th

View Processor InformationYou can access information about current CPU configuration through the vSphere Client or using the vSphereSDK.Procedure1 In

vSphere Resource Management Guide2 VMware, Inc.You can find the most up-to-date technical documentation on the VMware Web site at:http://www.vmware.

The ESX CPU scheduler can interpret processor topology, including the relationship between sockets, cores,and logical processors. The scheduler uses t

Hyperthreading and ESX/ESXi HostsAn ESX/ESXi host enabled for hyperthreading should behave similarly to a host without hyperthreading. Youmight need t

3 Select a hyperthreading mode for this virtual machine from the Mode drop-down menu.Hyperthreaded Core Sharing OptionsYou can set the hyperthreaded c

Using CPU AffinityBy specifying a CPU affinity setting for each virtual machine, you can restrict the assignment of virtualmachines to a subset of the

nWhen you move a virtual machine from one host to another, affinity might no longer apply because thenew host might have a different number of process

Managing Memory Resources 3All modern operating systems provide support for virtual memory, allowing software to use more memorythan the machine physi

For example, consider a virtual machine with a configured size of 1GB. When the guest operating system boots,it detects that it is running on a dedica

The amount of memory saved by memory sharing depends on workload characteristics. A workload of manynearly identical virtual machines might free up mo

Figure 3-1. ESX/ESXi Memory Mappingvirtual machine1guest virtual memoryguest physical memorymachine memorya baa b b cbc bb cvirtual machine2nThe boxe

View Memory Allocation InformationYou can use the vSphere Client to view information about current memory allocations.You can view the information abo

ContentsUpdated Information 5About This Book 7 1Getting Started with Resource Management 9What Is Resource Management? 9Configuring Resource Allocatio

ESX/ESXi memory virtualization adds little time overhead to memory accesses. Because the processor's paginghardware uses page tables (shadow page

An ESX/ESXi host determines allocations for each virtual machine based on the number of shares allocated toit and an estimate of its recent working se

Figure 3-2. Memory Ballooning in the Guest Operating System123memorymemorymemoryswap spaceswap spaceNOTE You must configure the guest operating sys

Swap File LocationBy default, the swap file is created in the same location as the virtual machine's configuration file.A swap file is created by

If you are overcommitting memory with ESX/ESXi, to support the intra-guest swapping induced by ballooning,ensure that your guest operating systems als

To determine the effectiveness of memory sharing for a given workload, try running the workload, and useresxtop or esxtop to observe the actual saving

A similar result is obtained when determining Memory Shared and Memory Shared Common for the ESX/ESXihost.nMemory Shared for the host is the sum of ea

Managing Resource Pools 4A resource pool is a logical abstraction for flexible management of resources. Resource pools can be groupedinto hierarchies

Why Use Resource Pools?Resource pools allow you to delegate control over resources of a host (or a cluster), but the benefits are evidentwhen you use

Create Resource PoolsYou can create a child resource pool of any ESX/ESXi host, resource pool, or DRS cluster.NOTE If a host has been added to a clu

7Viewing DRS Cluster Information 67Viewing the Cluster Summary Tab 67Using the DRS Tab 69 8Using NUMA Systems with ESX/ESXi 73What is NUMA? 73How ESX

Resource Pool Creation ExampleThis procedure example demonstrates how you can create a resource pool with the ESX/ESXi host as the parentresource.Assu

nThe information displayed in the Resource Allocation tab about the resource pool’s reserved andunreserved CPU and memory resources changes to reflect

Table 4-2. Reservation TypesReservation Type DescriptionFixed The system checks whether the selected resource pool has sufficient unreservedresources

Figure 4-3. Admission Control with Expandable Resource Pools: Successful Power-OnVM-K1, 2GHz VM-K2, 2GHz2GHz6GHzRP-KIDVM-M1, 1GHzRP-MOMNow, consider

vSphere Resource Management Guide44 VMware, Inc.

Creating a DRS Cluster 5A DRS cluster is a collection of ESX/ESXi hosts and associated virtual machines with shared resources and ashared management i

Admission Control and Initial PlacementWhen you attempt to power on a single virtual machine or a group of virtual machines in a DRS-enabledcluster, v

Group Power-On ExampleThe user selects three virtual machines in the same datacenter for a group power-on attempt. The first twovirtual machines (VM1

nIf the cluster and virtual machines involved are all fully automated, vCenter Server migrates runningvirtual machines between hosts as needed to ensu

DRS Cluster PrerequisitesAny host that is added to a DRS cluster must meet certain prerequisites to use cluster features successfully.Shared StorageEn

Updated InformationThis vSphere Resource Management Guide is updated with each release of the product or when necessary.This table provides the update

Configure EVC from the Cluster Settings dialog box. The hosts in a cluster must meet certain requirementsfor the cluster to use EVC. For more informat

12 Select a location for the swapfiles of your virtual machines.You can either store a swapfile in the same directory as the virtual machine itself, o

vSphere Resource Management Guide52 VMware, Inc.

Using DRS Clusters to ManageResources 6After you create a DRS cluster, you can customize it and use it to manage resources.To customize your DRS clust

2 Right-Click and select Edit Settings.3 In the left panel under VMware DRS select Rules.4 Click Add.5 In the Virtual Machine Rule dialog box, name th

4 Select the rule you want to remove and click Remove.The rule is deleted.Adding Hosts to a ClusterThe procedure for adding hosts to a cluster is diff

vCenter Server removes all existing resource pools of the host and the virtual machines in the host’shierarchy are all attached to the root. Because s

Procedure1 Select the host and select Enter Maintenance Mode from the right-click menu.2 After the host is in maintenance mode, drag it to a different

DRS Cluster ValidityThe vSphere Client indicates whether a DRS cluster is valid, overcommitted (yellow), or invalid (red).DRS clusters become overcomm

Figure 6-1. Valid Cluster with Fixed Resource PoolsclusterTotal Capacity: 12GReserved Capacity: 11GAvailable Capacity: 1GRP1Reservation: 4GReservatio

vSphere Resource Management Guide6 VMware, Inc.

Figure 6-2. Valid Cluster with Expandable Resource PoolsclusterTotal Capacity: 16GReserved Capacity: 16GAvailable Capacity: 0GRP1 (expandable)Reserva

Figure 6-3. Yellow ClusterXclusterTotal Capacity: 12G 8GReserved Capacity: 12GAvailable Capacity: 0GRP1 (expandable)Reservation: 4GReservation Used:

A cluster can also turn red if you reconfigure a resource pool while a virtual machine is failing over. A virtualmachine that is failing over is disco

VMware DPM can use one of three power management protocols to bring a host out of standby mode:Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI), Hewle

Test Wake-on-LAN for VMware DPMThe use of Wake-on-LAN (WOL) for the VMware DPM feature is fully supported, if you configure andsuccessfully test it ac

Automation LevelWhether the host power state and migration recommendations generated by VMware DPM are executedautomatically or not depends upon the p

After enabling and running VMware DPM, you can verify that it is functioning properly by viewing each host’sLast Time Exited Standby information displ

Viewing DRS Cluster Information 7You can view information about a DRS cluster using the cluster Summary and DRS tabs in the vSphere Client.You can als

Cluster Summary Tab VMware DRS SectionThe VMware DRS section appears in the cluster's Summary tab only if VMware DRS is enabled.Table 7-2. VMwar

Using the DRS TabThe DRS tab is available when you select a DRS cluster object from the inventory panel in the vSphere Client.This tab displays inform

About This BookThe vSphere Resource Management Guide describes resource management for VMware® ESX™, ESXi, andVMware vCenter™ Server environments.This

Table 7-4. DRS Recommendations InformationColumn DescriptionPriority Priority level (1-5) for the recommendation. Priority one, the highest, indicate

DRS History PageThe History page of the DRS tab displays recent actions taken as a result of DRS recommendations.You can reach this page by clicking t

vSphere Resource Management Guide72 VMware, Inc.

Using NUMA Systems with ESX/ESXi 8ESX/ESXi supports memory access optimization for Intel and AMD Opteron processors in server architecturesthat suppor

There are many disadvantages to using such an operating system on a NUMA platform. The high latency ofremote memory accesses can leave the processors

VMware NUMA Optimization Algorithms and SettingsThis section describes the algorithms and settings used by ESX/ESXi to maximize application performanc

When a virtual machine moves to a new node, the ESX/ESXi host immediately begins to migrate its memoryin this fashion. It manages the rate to avoid ov

The IBM Enterprise X-Architecture supports servers with up to four nodes (also called CECs or SMP ExpansionComplexes in IBM terminology). Each node ca

An administrator can also manually move a virtual machine to another node after the virtual machine hasstarted running. In this case, the page migrati

Then, you want this virtual machine to run only on node 1.1 In the vSphere Client inventory panel, select the virtual machine and select Edit Settings

Technical Support and Education ResourcesThe following technical support resources are available to you. To access the current version of this book an

vSphere Resource Management Guide80 VMware, Inc.

Performance Monitoring Utilities:resxtop and esxtop AThe resxtop and esxtop command-line utilities provide a detailed look at how ESX/ESXi uses resour

After it is set up, start resxtop from the command line. For remote connections, you can either connect to anESX/ESXi host either directly or through

Table A-2. Interactive Mode Command-Line Options (Continued)Option DescriptionaShow all statistics. This option overrides configuration file setups a

Table A-3. Interactive Mode Single-Key Commands (Continued)Key Description# Prompts you for the number of statistics rows to display. Any value great

Table A-4. CPU Panel Statistics (Continued)Line DescriptionCCPU(%) Percentages of total CPU time as reported by the ESX service console. This field i

Table A-4. CPU Panel Statistics (Continued)Line DescriptionAFFINITY BITMASKBit mask showing the current scheduling affinity for the world.HTSHARING C

Table A-6. Memory Panel StatisticsField DescriptionPMEM (MB) Displays the machine memory statistics for the server. All numbers are in megabytes.tota

Table A-6. Memory Panel Statistics (Continued)Field DescriptionSWAP (MB) Displays the ESX/ESXi swap usage statistics. All numbers are in megabytes.cu

Table A-6. Memory Panel Statistics (Continued)Field DescriptionSWTGT (MB) Target where the ESX/ESXi host expects the swap usage by the resource pool

Getting Started with ResourceManagement 1To understand resource management, you must be aware of its components, its goals, and how best toimplement i

Table A-8. Storage Adapter Panel Statistics (Continued)Column DescriptionNCHNS Number of channels.NTGTS Number of targets.NLUNS Number of LUNs.NWDS N

Table A-9. Storage Adapter Panel Interactive CommandsCommand DescriptioneToggles whether storage adapter statistics are displayed expanded or unexpan

Table A-10. Storage Device Panel Statistics (Continued)Column DescriptionWQLEN World queue depth. This is the maximum number of ESX/ESXi VMkernel act

Table A-11. Storage Device Panel Interactive CommandsCommand DescriptioneExpand or roll up storage world statistics. This command allows you to view

Table A-12. Virtual Machine Storage Panel Statistics (Continued)Column DescriptionQUED Number of commands in the ESX/ESXi VMkernel that are currently

Table A-13. Virtual Machine Storage Panel Interactive Commands (Continued)Command DescriptionNSort first by virtual machine column, and then by WORLD

Interrupt PanelThe interrupt panel displays information about the use of interrupt vectors.Table A-16. Interrupt Panel StatisticsColumn DescriptionVE

Batch Mode Command-Line OptionsYou can use batch mode with command-line options.The command-line options in Table A-17 are available in batch mode.Tab

ProcedureuTo activate replay mode, enter the following at the command-line prompt.esxtop -R <vm-support_dir_path>Replay Mode Command-Line Option

Advanced Attributes BYou can set advanced attributes for hosts or individual virtual machines to help you customize resourcemanagement.In most cases,